Ammonium carbonate refrigerant: a new choice for environmental protection and efficiency

Characteristics of ammonium carbonate refrigerant

Ammonium carbonate is colorless translucent hard crystalline block or powder, with strong ammonia odor and spicy taste. It has a molecular formula of 96.086, a density of 2.7 (vs air), a melting point of 58°C and a boiling point of 333.6°C at 760 mmHg. Ammonium carbonate is unstable in the air and will gradually become ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbomate. The dry material is easily decomposed at 58°C, releasing ammonia and carbon dioxide. At 70°C, the aqueous solution begins to decompose. Unstable to light and heat, slightly hygroscopic. When exposed to air, ammonia is lost and converted to ammonium bicarbonate.

Advantages of ammonium carbonate refrigerants

Ammonium carbonate has many advantages as a refrigerant. First, it is easy to obtain and relatively common in the market. Secondly, the price is low, which can reduce the cost of refrigeration. In addition, the unit volume cooling capacity of ammonium carbonate is large. Provides more cooling in the same volume than other common refrigerants. For example, compared to some traditional freon refrigerants, although freon was widely used in the past, it has gradually been restricted due to its damage to the ozone layer and higher cost. And ammonium carbonate will not destroy the ozone layer, with environmental protection. At the same time, ammonium carbonate also has good solubility, soluble in water, but insoluble in ethanol, carbon disulfide and concentrated ammonia water. This makes its application in the refrigeration system more flexible and can be used in combination with other substances such as water to improve the efficiency of refrigeration. In general, ammonium carbonate refrigerant has broad application prospects in the field of refrigeration by virtue of its characteristics and advantages.

Maxsorb III in combination with ammonium carbonate

In Europe, an experimental study on Maxsorb III activated carbon pyrolysis with ammonium carbonate solution combined with HFC404A as a refrigerant has attracted wide attention. It was found that the adsorption properties of Maxsorb III were significantly enhanced after pyrolysis with ammonium carbonate solution at 500℃. The maximum adsorption capacity of the improved Maxsorb III/HFC404A is approximately 20.50% higher than the original (2.65kg/kg compared to 2.22kg/kg). This relatively high adsorption capacity is the highest compared to the known adsorption capacity of activated carbon.

With the improved Maxsorb III/HFC404A, the AC cycle can be driven by low generation temperatures. The numerical results show that the improved Maxsorb III/HFC404A AC cycle has much better performance than the traditional cycle in terms of unit refrigerant cooling capacity (SCP) and coefficient of performance (COP). The improved Maxsorb III/HFC404A working pair has a COP of 0.4 and can produce 747W/kg refrigerant cooling capacity SCP at 95 ° C hot water inlet temperature. The SCP recorded here is the highest available value for a carbon-based adsorbent.

Compared to different versions of Maxsorb III available in the open literature, the modified version in this study has a 2.2 times (and current baseline) higher refrigerant cooling capacity SCP per unit under the same operating conditions. Since the adsorption equilibrium absorption of HFC404A on Maxsorb III is higher and the driving temperature is low (below 100 ° C), this adsorption working medium pair is used by the lower

Impact on the environment

Ammonium carbonate refrigerant has many effects on the environment. On the one hand, as mentioned in the data, ammonium carbonate has certain GHS classification hazards, such as H402 indicating that it is harmful to aquatic organisms and has long-term effects. However, ammonium carbonate refrigerant also has a positive role in environmental protection. First, it can be powered by low-grade heat sources or solar energy, which means that it can reduce dependence on traditional high-energy sources, reduce carbon emissions, and contribute to the fight against global climate change.

In the development process of refrigerants, traditional refrigerants such as CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs have a damaging effect on the ozone layer and produce greenhouse effect, which seriously affects the sustainable development of the environment. The ammonium carbonate refrigerant will not destroy the ozone layer, which is one of the important manifestations of its environmental protection. Compared with traditional refrigerants such as freon, the use of ammonium carbonate can avoid the increase of harmful ultraviolet light and reduce the harm to human health, ecosystems and agriculture.

In addition, the decomposition products of ammonium carbonate refrigerant during use are mainly ammonia, carbon dioxide and water. Although ammonia may cause some irritation to the human respiratory tract, its impact can be minimized under reasonable use and control. At the same time, carbon dioxide and water are common substances in nature and have relatively little negative impact on the environment.

In general, although ammonium carbonate refrigerant has potential hazards such as harmful to aquatic organisms, it has significant environmental advantages in that it can be driven by low-grade heat sources or solar energy and does not damage the ozone layer. In the future refrigeration field, through further technical improvement and rational use, the environmental performance of ammonium carbonate refrigerant can be fully utilized to contribute to the realization of sustainable development goals.

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