Efficient Penetrating Agent DMSO: Applications in Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industries

Dimethyl sulfoxide is a sulfur-containing organic compound with the molecular formula C2H6OS. It is a colorless and odorless transparent liquid at room temperature, and is a hygroscopic and flammable liquid. It has the characteristics of high polarity, high boiling point, good thermal stability, non proton, and water solubility. It can dissolve in most organic compounds such as ethanol, propanol, benzene, and chloroform, and is known as a "universal solvent".

Physical properties:

Colorless viscous liquid. Flammable, almost odorless, bitter, hygroscopic. Except for petroleum ether, it can dissolve general organic solvents. It has strong hygroscopicity and can absorb 70% of its own weight of moisture from the air at a relative humidity of 60% at 20 ℃.

chemical property:

1. Thermal decomposition

Dimethyl sulfoxide will decompose into trace amounts of formaldehyde when heated for a long time at boiling point. Decomposition will intensify under acidic conditions, while it can be inhibited under alkaline conditions. Therefore, the refining of dimethyl sulfoxide is usually carried out by vacuum distillation, controlling the pH value at around 8, or by adding sodium oxalate as a stabilizer.

2. Oxidation reaction: Dimethyl sulfoxide is oxidized to dimethyl sulfone.
3. Reduction reaction: Dimethyl sulfoxide is reduced to thioether.
4. Halogenation reaction: Dimethyl sulfoxide reacts with halogens to form halogenated compounds.

Basic purpose:

1. Chemical synthesis

Reaction solvent: Dimethyl sulfoxide is used as a solvent in organic synthesis, which helps to improve reaction rate and yield.

Catalysts and reagents: In certain chemical reactions, dimethyl sulfoxide itself can act as a catalyst or reactant.

Aggregation reaction: Used as a processing solvent and spinning solvent in acrylonitrile polymerization reaction, it also plays an important role in polyurethane synthesis and spinning process.

2. Research and laboratory applications

Cell culture: Dimethyl sulfoxide is used for cell culture and preservation, especially during cryopreservation.

Analytical Chemistry: In chromatographic analysis, dimethyl sulfoxide is used as a sample solvent or mobile phase component.

3. Medical field

Cryoprotectant: Dimethyl sulfoxide plays an important role as a cryoprotectant in cell biology and biomedical research, used to protect cells and other biological samples from low-temperature damage.

Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory: Dimethyl sulfoxide has certain antibacterial and bactericidal effects, is effective against certain pathogenic bacteria, has anti-inflammatory effects, and can reduce inflammatory reactions and tissue damage.

Analgesia: Dimethyl sulfoxide has analgesic effects and can be used to relieve pain and discomfort, such as treating postherpetic neuralgia.

Antitumor: Dimethyl sulfoxide, as a cell differentiation inducer, can be used to treat various tumors, such as inhibiting the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, inducing the differentiation of human cancer HepG2 cells into normal cells, promoting the killing effect of ALA-PDT on A431 cells, and inhibiting mouse skin squamous cell carcinoma.

Central nervous system diseases: Dimethyl sulfoxide can be used to treat head and spinal cord injuries, stroke, memory impairment, and other related diseases, such as slowing down functional decline in Alzheimer's disease patients, improving the efficacy of ischemic stroke animal models, promoting peripheral nerve regeneration, and repairing spinal cord injuries in rats.

Dermatology: DMSO can promote wound healing and treat various skin diseases, such as promoting the healing of refractory wounds in diabetes mice, and improving the bonding strength of dental dentin in fluorosis.

Nuclear radiation protection effect: Dimethyl sulfoxide has a nuclear radiation protection effect, which can reduce the damage of radioactive substances to human cells, such as preventing bone marrow type acute radiation disease and intestinal type acute radiation disease, preventing radiation-induced oral mucosal inflammation, and radiation damage to the reproductive system of male mice.